During June 1999, in Grand Isle, Vermont, four Northern Rough-winged Swallows (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) fed five nestlings at one nest. A second nest 3 m away had been depredated. The four swallows continued their unusual cooperative behavior until the young had fledged.
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1 June 2000
An Instance of Helping Behavior in Northern Rough-winged Swallows
David J. Hoag
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